Predictors of Homelessness at Age 21

When foster youth age out of the care system, they face a heightened risk of homelessness, with rates ranging between 11% and 38%. Factors that increase this risk include placement history and instability, group care, delinquent behavior, victimization, mental health problems, and prior homelessness. This research explored whether staying in foster care after age 18 affected the odds of homelessness among foster youth and examined protective and risk factors linked to homelessness in this population. Findings show nearly a third of participants reported being homeless between ages 17 and 21. Gender, sexual orientation, experiences of neglect, and placement in congregate care emerged as strong predictors of increased risk of homelessness, whereas having more people who could offer tangible support like money or a ride and staying in extended foster care were associated with a lower likelihood of homelessness.